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Angelika C. Dankert - Europe under Pressure

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Angelika C. Dankert

Europe under Pressure

Series: Wissenschaftliche Beiträge aus dem Tectum Verlag: Rechtswissenschaften

Volume 93 2017

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.1.3 73 Islamisation of Europe or the Europeanization of Islam …” „… BEITRÄGE AUS DEM TECTUM VERLAG Reihe Rechtswissenschaften Band 93 Angelika C. Dankert Europe under …” „… and the Global Threat of Terrorism Angelika C. Dankert Europe under Pressure. The Development of …”

10 European Outlook S. 95-102

„… represent all national identities and idiosyncrasies, but ‘Europe is not the European Union and the European …” „… model of a ‘Free Trade Europe’ is also referred to as ‘British concept of European integration’ (Staab …” „… understand ‘Europe’ and its fundamental concept. It is time to become aware of European values, something …”

3 The European Union S. 5-10

„… ’ abducted by Zeus and eponym of today’s continent, the idea of a separated Europe did not evolve before the …” „… development of national identities. Before the Reformation, Europe was solely used as geographical term. A new …” „… awareness of Europe developed through the confrontation with the non-Christian world. Since the discovery of …”

8 Interculturality, Multiculturalism, Cultural Relativism and Compatibility Issues S. 67-94

„… Multiculturalism.’ Islamisation of Europe or the Europeanization of Islam Many Europeans benefit from the freedom …” „… ?’ is a question vehemently raised again during these days (Council of Europe, 1995: 49). European …” „… puzzle pieces of European identity. Is Europe actually allowed to focus on safeguarding and promoting …”

11 Conclusion S. 103-106

„… freedom of movement, but third-country nationals and Eastern Europeans heading towards Western Europe as …” „… against Europe as entity and value community. In order to avoid the abuse of European asylum policy and …” „… what can be referred to as European identity and living European values. The future of Europe is …”

Bibliography S. 159-176

„… Change. In M. Green Cowles, J. Caporaso and T. Risse (eds), Transforming Europe? Europeanization and …” „… Union works. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Falkowski, C. (2011). Europe for us …” „… . (2014). Economic crisis and political extremism in Europe: from the 1930 s to the present. European View …”

5 EU – Challenge 2016 S. 21-26

„… critical voices proclaim ‘Europe to the Europeans.’ Parallels should be drawn on time, leaving no scope for …” „… large sums hoping for a future in Europe (Gutschker, 2015). The refugee crisis, as result of turmoil and …” „… thereupon, however disagreement prevails. Perceived Heteronomy from Brussels and Isolation Attempts Europe …”

1 Introduction S. 1-2

„… foreigners, refugees and migrants in Europe. The European Union is on the move, and for predicting Europe’s …” „… asylum. The unpredictability and intensity of even secondary movements caused Europe’s citizens’ fear of …” „… development of the turmoil during the Arab Spring, its impact and influence on Europe as value community …”

Glossary S. 107-112

„… of Europe, 1999: 8). European Convention on Human Rights The term describes an international treaty …” „… drafted in 1950 by the Council of Europe. An individual can appeal to the European Court of Human Rights …” „… ). Euro-egoism The term refers to Europe’s exclusive concentration on its own interests and difficulties (Council …”

6 Legal Issues Concerning the Migrant Crisis S. 27-58

„… of 1 July 2013 Source: European Commission, 2016 b The creation of a borderless Europe is one of the …” „… Europe as a value system. Frontex operations outside the European borders are currently discussed, but …” „… certain industries. Europe’s endeavor for integration resulted in the completion of the Single Market …”

Annex S. 115-158

„… right-wing populist parties in European Parliamentary Elections with voting share in percentage. Europe …” „… of creating an ever closer Union among the people of Europe’ (Article 1 para. 2 TEU). Article 9 S. 2 …” „… Union flag, symbolizing the door to Europe. Behind the door peephole, a man is eying his demanding door …”

7 The Global Threat of Terrorism S. 59-66

„… acting terrorist organizations. 7 7.1 7.2 59 Terrorist Attacks across Europe between 2014 and 2016 Year …” „… likelihood of terrorist attacks happening in Europe increased over the last couple of years. Moreover, a …” „… ) but did not engage in terrorist attacks in Europe before August 2014 (Reuter, 2015). Within the first …”

2 Methodological Approach S. 3-4

„… in order to comprehend the purpose of a united Europe. As second pillar, the paper illuminates the …” „… to as ‘Europe.’ Sensitive issues have to be addressed in order to provide an overall picture of the …” „… of the European Union under the influence of the Arab Spring, the refugee crisis and the global …”

4 The Arab Spring S. 11-20

„… Europe’s representation of interests in the region. Discontent was created by the unsteady strategies of …” „… Europe as a continent, entity and value community in an Arab conflict. The burden of the West is to take …” „… . The feeling of never-ending oppression by geographical borders imposed by the major European forces in …”

List of Annexes S. 113-114

„… Frameworks on Migration and Mobility 131 Annex M Europeanization vs. European Integration – A short …” „… Populist Parties in European Parliamentary Election 157 List of Annexes 114 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783828866881

Christian Schlegel - Flag Follows Trade?

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Christian Schlegel

Flag Follows Trade?

2022

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8 Europe S. 141-155

„… EuropeThe EU and the US share a common history, as the American state was significantly shaped …” „… Points in EuropeThis section comprises two dimensions: First, it highlights the broad historical …” „… economically from lower tariffs on 8 Europe146European products. Trump called that “unfair” trade. At the same …”

2 Economics in American History and Politics S. 7-30

„… when the French Revolution led to bloody conflicts in Europe. The presidents of the young republic …” „… politics or Europe’s wars.The idea behind the new republic was a completely new one: It was that economic …” „… progress could mean social advancement, unlike in aristocratic Europe. Slavery aside, this incentive …”

Bibliography S. 189-212

„… invasion? [Online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60125659 [Accessed 19 May 2022].Beal …” „… Europe. [Online] Available at …” „… : https://www.cassidy.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/cassidy-colleageus-call-for-blocking-construction-of-russian-natural-gas-pipeline-to-europe [Accessed 13 August 2018].Chaudhury, D. R., 2021. CAATSA sanctions against India will trigger …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Europe …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 141US Historical Key Points in Europe …” „… Policy Tension Between Russia, the EU, and the US . . . .8.3 149European Defense Under Pressure …”

7 Russia S. 134-140

„… Soviet Union. Russia feared a loss of importance in Europe because of the ongoing eastward expansion of …” „… European Union was Russia’s most important trading partner, accounting for more than half of its foreign …” „… , there was to be cooperation for industry, access to the European Investment Bank, and modernization of …”

5 Asia-Pacific S. 62-97

„… standards do not apply globally, e.g., not in Europe, they have nevertheless been main5 Asia-Pacific66ly …” „… the global GDP (Aggarwal, 2016, p. 1). Together with the TTIP between the European Union and the US …” „… improved South Korea’s strategic starting position vis-à-vis the European Union, China, and Japan, all of …”

3 The Links Between Trade and Security Policy S. 31-49

„… international economic policy with the recovery of Western Europe and Japan as one of three pillars for national …” „… doing so, Reagan described that helping 3.33 The Links Between Trade and Security Policy42Western Europe …”

1 Introduction S. 1-6

„… relationship between Europe and the US. It is possibly the most ambivalent political and economic relationship …”

4 Middle East S. 50-61

„… in October 1956. The Arab world saw this move as further evidence of European imperialism …” „… bilateral FTA when negotiating its preferential agreement with the European Community. However, the US first …” „… increased competition from adding more countries to the European Community (EC), Israel pushed to sign an …”

6 The American Continent S. 98-133

„… republic’s founding, the US sought to gain power and continental expansion. European powers were gradually …” „… often-cited speech in Congress on December 2, 1823 (Bryne, 2020). In it, he announced that European …” „… to put the European powers in their place? The reasons also lie in the economic entanglements of the …”

9 Africa S. 156-162

„… 2008. Previously, the US military stationed in Africa had been a part of the US European Command. The …”

Index S. 213-216

„… , 126, 175Ecuador 131Eisenhower, Dwight D. 51El Salvador 118, 125, 173European Union (EU) 143 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783828879522

Wolfram Hilz, Rafal Ulatowski - Energy Policy in Europe

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Wolfram Hilz (ed.), Rafal Ulatowski (ed.)

Energy Policy in Europe

Series: Bonner Studien zum globalen Wandel

Volume 25 2019

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Timo Karl 6 "Intergovernmentalism" and "Multi-Level-Game" – An Analysis of the Governance system of the European Climate Framework 2030 S. 81-94

„… enforced – on industry through the Europe-wide Emission Trading System that requires emissions to be …” „… target and the possibility to enforce this target through the Europe-wide emission trading system can be …” „… short-term and long-term options to reduce Europe’s dependency on Russian gas imports, however, this issue …”

Shushanik Minasyan 8 Caspian Gas Supplies: An Opportunity of EU Energy Diversification? S. 109-126

„… : Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe. A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and …” „… - 15 European Commission: An Energy Policy for Europe, COM (2007) 1 final, Brussels, 2007, p. 4. 16 …” „… /global-europe/news/europeans-open-new-trade-channel-to-iran-bypassing-us -sanctions/ (11 February 2019). 71 See Schwarz, Madeleine: The End of Atlanticism: has Trump …”

Rafał Ulatowski 5 Poland’s Energy Security and the Shale Revolution – A Case Study on Natural Gas S. 63-80

„… Premise, The World Bank, Issue 150, 2014. 2 See Kandiyoti, Rafael: Powering Europe: Russia, Ukraine, and …” „… Politics of Shale Gas in Eastern Europe Energy Security, Contested Technologies and the Social Licence to …” „… Poland. But it is shale gas “made in the USA”. And thirdly, most analyses of shale gas in Europe were …”

Maciej Raś 7 (Inter)dependence? Political Implications of Russia-EU Energy Relations S. 95-108

„… , extent;14 Western European ‘tycoons’ (‘old Europe’ economic leaders of the EU): they are ‘valuable …” „… Europe’): former members of the Soviet block got used to be dependent on supplies from the East during …” „… raw materials, reduces Europe’s chances of becoming independent from Russian energy resources …”

Wolfram Hilz, Rafał Ulatowski 1 Introduction S. 7-12

„… Energy Diplomacy toward Europe and Northeast Asia: a comparative Study, in: Asia Europe Journal, Vol. 7 …” „… threat to Europe as Case Study, in: Energy Policy, Vol. 39, Issue 10, 2011, pp. 6505-6513 …” „… Europe. Divergent Perceptions and Policy Challenges, Cham 2018; Godzimirski, Jakub M. (ed.): New …”

Wolfram Hilz 2 The “Energy Union“: Fixed Goal or Open Process? S. 13-34

„… reconstruction and the start of European integration along with its vision for a flourishing future of Europe …” „… (2016)573896 _EN.pdf (1 May 2019); European Commission: Clean Energy for all Europeans – Unlocking Europe’s …” „… Europe, in: Hilz, Wolfram & Saracino, Daniele (eds.): Nordic Perspectives on the European Asylum System …”

Rafał Ulatowski 9 EU-OPEC Energy Dialogue and the Global Energy Governance S. 127-142

„… the European Union, Oxford, 2015, pp. 344-366. 31 See Youngs, Richard: Energy Security – Europe’s …” „… have been built around Europe, and partnerships with LNG producers are sought. Also, the construction …” „… ”; 34 See Buchan, David: Energy and Climate Change: Europe at the Crossroads, Oxford 2009, p. 79. 35 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… . Wolfram Hilz Band 25 Wolfram Hilz (Ed.) Energy Policy in Europe Internal Dimensions and External …” „… Perspectives Tectum Verlag Wolfram Hilz, Rafał Ulatowski (Ed.) Energy Policy in Europe. Internal Dimensions and …” „… system of the European Climate Framework 2030……………………………….... 81 Timo Karl II. External …”

Hubertus Bardt 3 The German Energy Transition – An Economic Perspective S. 35-48

„… electricity market but must be compatible within Europe. Electricity trading across European borders not only …” „… investors. (h) Europeanisation Without a European internal electricity market, important efficiency …” „… competition After several unsuccessful attempts to liberalize the European electricity markets, the market …”

Florian Engels 4 Why There is No Energy Transition in France S. 49-62

„… €/kWh which is significantly lower than the European Union average of 0,2049 €/kWh.14 This low price …” „… steady power exchange between European states is needed to circumvent shortages and unforeseen demand …” „… France are with seven tons already below the European average of 8.4 tons.33 Thus, in terms of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783828873735

Maximilian Terhalle - Strategie als Beruf

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Maximilian Terhalle

Strategie als Beruf

2020

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13 Six post-Cold War Taboos Europe Must Now Face S. 197-200

„… 197 13 Six post-Cold War Taboos Europe Must Now Face France and Germany must summon up the …” „… inspiration and muscle to guarantee Europe’s future security. Post-Cold War Europe is facing unprecedented …” „… , Beijing will try hard to tempt Europe away from its American partner. A revanchist Russia will seize …”

14 Europe Needs to Calculate for the U. S. Military’s Shortcomings S. 201-208

„… 201 14 Europe Needs to Calculate for the U. S. Military’s Shortcomings European governments can …” „… anticipated American withdrawal from Europe. The United Kingdom, Germany, Poland and the European Commission …” „… came to view this U. S. realpolitik offer as an opportunity to tighten their grip on Europe, and …”

7 International Order – A Critique of John Mearsheimer’s New Model of Order S. 151-154

„… assumptions and policy implications of his model concerning Europe. First, one of Mearsheimer’s unspoken …” „… Europe, including its nuclear umbrella. If this US military credibility in Europe were to be weakened by …” „… for acquiescing to the US order in Europe while America is fighting China. Effectively, such a price …”

17 Keeping the Americans in, the Russians in check, and the Chinese at arm’s length S. 217-220

„… , those European safety valves would properly protect Europe’s NATO members against Russian revisionism …” „… apart from China and Russia: freedom. Clearly, neither Europe nor America alone can successfully take …” „… and the scope of Russia’s military threats and blackmailing of Europe. Pointedly, China’s continued …”

12 Can Germans Think Strategically? S. 191-196

„… Europe’s security – inevitably needs to be based on a realistic understanding of the United States’ core …” „… politics without guidance by Western powers. The wealthiest country at the heart of Europe, however …” „… Germany’s security – and Europe’s security – inevitably needs to be based on a realistic understanding of …”

18 The Munich Consensus and the Purpose of German Power S. 221-234

„… expectations onto the individual reflects a wider phenomenon: German economic and political power in Europe …” „… continued support for separatists in eastern Ukraine shook the foundations of Europe’s security order; and …” „… :// www.economist.com/news/leaders/21677643-angela-merkel-faces-hermost-serious-political-challenge-yet-europe-needs-her-more. own …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Terhalle’s no-holds-barred assessment of Europe’s options as the continent faces mounting challenges from …” „… grapple with some of the toughest and most important questions facing contemporary Germany, Europe, and …” „… Europe’s future strategic security, betray exactly that. Prof. Christopher Coker, London School of …”

3 Handlungsspielräume – Im Westen nichts Neues? Eine strategische Vision transatlantischer Macht S. 65-94

„… future? Franco-German bilateralism in Europe’s post-Brexit union. Journal of European Public Policy …” „… Europe. U. S.-Europe Analysis Series, 58. https://www.brookings.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2017/02 …” „… taboos Europe must now face. Politico. https://www.politico.eu/article/6 …”

6 Revisionism – Five Parallels, a Wild Card and Future Uncertainty: China’s Revisionism Today and Germany in the 1920/30 S. 141-150

„… purely defensive policies reflected no intention to reintegrate Germany into the ranks of Europe’s great …” „… World War I: America, Britain and the Stabilisation of Europe, 1919–1932. Cambridge. Haslam, Jonathan …” „… powers: “European (in-) security, reparations and war-debt politics” (Cohrs 2008, 284). The policy …”

5 Containment – Containment’s Deceit: Why the United States Needs to Review its China strategy S. 115-140

„… earlier (July 2016) and later (May 2017) conversations held with key officials in the US, UK and Europe …” „… years, for instance, in the US and Western Europe. For instance, in addition to the advances China has …” „… . 2010. Exceptionalism in American Foreign Policy: Is it Exceptional? European Journal of International …”

Nachweise der Orte der Erstveröffentlichung S. 343-344

„… WELT, 27.11.2019, S. 2. (mit Prof. Francois Heisbourg) Six post-Cold War Taboos Europe Must Now Face …” „… -post-coldwar-taboos-europe-must-now-face-merkel-macron-trump-nato-eurozone-reform/. (mit General Sir Richard Barrons) Europe Needs to Calculate for the U. S. Military’s …” „… . https://nationalinterest.org/feature/europe-needs-calculate-us-militarys-shortcomings–71756. Das Ende von Merkels europäischer Ära. Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 1.10.2019. Strategisches …”

1 Eine Grundlegung strategischen Denkens in Deutschland S. 1-32

„… .) Security Studies: An Introduction. New York: Routledge. Borrell, Josep (2020) Embracing Europe’s Power, 8.2 …” „… . https://www.projectsyndicate.org/commentary/embracing-europe-s-power-by-josep-borrell–2020–02 (angesehen, 9.2.). Butterfield, Herbert (1951) History and Human Relations. London …” „… French president’s interview with The Economist, 7.11. https:// www.economist.com/europe/2019/11/07 …”

2 Konzeptionen – Strategie und Strategielehre S. 33-64

„… seriously: Classical realism and national security. European Journal of International Security, (1 …”

8 Realpolitik – Some Remarks on Recent Scholarship about Realpolitik S. 155-158

„… rationality and the latter’s success in European diplomacy is inaccurate (21–22, fn. 68). In fact, by …”

9 Intelligence Analysis – Geheimdienste, Intentionenanalyse und Strategie S. 159-180

„… . Porter, P (2016). “Taking Uncertainty Seriously-Classical Realism and National Security.” European …”

19 Ungestellte Machtfragen I – Warum das Governance-Axiom gescheitert ist: eine notwendige Kritik S. 235-276

„… Politics: Explaining International Dispute Settlement Behavior“ in: European Journal of International …” „… allerdings hatte er diese Haltung bereits vollständig revidiert: „The European model of the post-national …”

20 Ungestellte Machtfragen II – Kritische Anmerkungen zur „Politisierung internationaler Institutionen“ S. 277-312

„… Postfunctionalist Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus, in: British …”

21 Gewollte Praxisferne – IB-Professionalität als Praxisferne? Ein Plädoyer für Wandel S. 313-342

„… simplistic hypothesis testing is bad for International Relations. European Journal of International …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783828874091

Anna Steiner - Enhanced Relations - Protracted Conflict(s)?

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Anna Steiner

Enhanced Relations - Protracted Conflict(s)?

Series: Wissenschaftliche Beiträge aus dem Tectum Verlag: Politikwissenschaften

Volume 82 2019

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Indeed “The Balcony of Europe”: Georgia and the EU S. 64-69

„… Europe”, Georgia has tightened its relations with the European house in recent years. The entering into …” „… 64 Indeed “The Balcony of Europe”: Georgia and the EU Referring to itself as “the balcony of …” „… , a street festival and a gala concert on Europe Square (cf. ibidem). One year later, a phase of …”

Literature S. 122-136

„… (2015), Europeanization beyond Europe. In: Living Reviews in European Governance Vol. 10/1. Available …” „… European Union, 30.08.2014. Benková Livia (2018), The Rise of Russian Disinformation in Europe. In: AIES …” „… Recognition of States in and after the Soviet Union, with Special Reference to Abkhazia. In: Europe-Asia …”

The EU as a Conflict Manager in Georgia S. 70-85

„… for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the United Nations (UN). With regards to the …” „… OSCE mechanisms (cf. Oproiu 2015: 12). Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe The …” „… Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe51 (OSCE, former: CSCE) has maintained its Mission in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… Europe”: Georgia and the EU .................. 64 EU-Georgia Association Agreement and DCFTA …” „… ................................... 73 Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe.............. 73 United Nations …” „… Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe PCA Partnership and Cooperation Agreement PESCO Permanent …”

The EU’s External Governance S. 41-44

„… beyond Europe”, Frank Schimmelfennig in 2015 reviewed the literature on Europeanization and transferred …” „… member of the Union”, without in fact clearly defining the borderlines of Europe. For a country …” „… undoubtedly within Europe, there is a uniform process on how to join the EU. After the application has been …”

EU Basis for the Recognition of Georgia and the Non-Recognition of the de facto States S. 19-21

„… ) on the “EC Guidelines on the recognition of new States in Eastern Europe and in the Soviet Union …” „… Shevardnadze, who enjoyed high popularity in Europe and the U.S., prevailed against internal problems and a …” „… European Union bases its recognition of Georgia (including Abkhazia and South Ossetia/Tskhinvali region …”

Protracted Conflicts in Georgia S. 22-35

„… conflict. Human Rights in the de facto States Since Georgia is member of the Council of Europe, Abkhazia …” „… Russian recognition, has made it impossible for the EU or other parties of the Council of Europe to …” „… 22 Thomas Hammarberg, the former Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, and Magdalena …”

Thematic Order S. 87-104

„… abandon the LoOT – and would, as she underlines, “not automatically mean that Europe is recognising …” „… not spread on Abkhazia or South Ossetia. Neither the EU nor other parties of the Council of Europe …” „… the possibility to trade with Europe, the limited production capacity would limit trade – as it does …”

The EU as a Neighbour S. 45-63

„… stabilise the countries involved. In order to avoid „drawing new dividing lines in Europe and to promote …” „… on Wider Europe of March 2003. However, the peaceful Rose Revolution in Georgia intensified the EU’s …” „… the EU’s culture and media programme Creative Europe in March 2015, Armenia did so three years later …”

Thematic Comparison S. 105-114

„… Abkhazia and South Ossetia since neither the EU, nor other parties of the Council of Europe can assess …” „… to her, does – Expert C is concerned as the European Convention of Human Rights does not spread on …”

Introduction S. 13-14

„… , the South Caucasus is a strategically important part of the European Union’s Eastern Neighbourhood (cf …” „… international actors – Russia, the United States and the European Union. The European Union has developed close …” „… the map of the [European Union’s] Eastern Neighbourhood” (Fischer 2010b: 4). The lack of statehood …”

Policies towards the Non-Recognised States S. 36-40

„… the European Union adopted the Non-Recognition and Engagement Policy (NREP) towards Abkhazia and …” „… a guideline allows the actors involved – which are in particular the European External Action …”

Conclusion and Recommendations S. 115-121

„… Russia in August 2008, the European Union proved to be effective in bundling its conflict management …” „… has already taken rather small steps against Disinformation, but in April 2018, the European …” „… European fact-checkers, on a larger scale and regularly evaluate further needs. Also offline, local …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783828872363

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